UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN BOTANY
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)
SYLLABUS

Semester V - Paper VI - Gymnosperms and Paleobotany

Duration: 3 hrs
Maximum Marks: 100
Credits: 4

Lecture 4 Hrs; Practicals 2 Hrs. per week

Gymnosperms

Unit - I

Distribution of Gymnosperms - general characters -- economic importance - classification of Gvmnosperms by K.R.Sporne 1965.

Unit - II

Detailed study of the following types I. Cycas 2. Pinus

Unit - III

3. Gnetum

Paleobotany

Unit - IV

Geological time scale - types of fossils and fossilisation - impressions, compressions, casts, molds and pertrifactions and radio carbon dating.

Unit - V

Brief study of the following fossils
1. Lepidodendron
2. Calamites
3. Williamsonia

Reference Books

1. Chamberlain C.J Gymnosperm, Structure and Evolution.
2. Sporne K.R Morphology of Gymnosperms, B.I Publications.
3. Vasishta P.C 1976, Gymnosperm, Chand & Co.
4. Arnold C.A 1947, Introduction tQ Paleobotany, McGraw Hill.
5. Shukia A and Mishra S.P 1982, Essential of Paleobotany, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.