UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN CHEMISTRY
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)

Allied Chemistry - Paper I

(90 hrs)

Unit - I

1.1 Chemical Bonding

Molecular Orbital theory - bonding, anti-bonding and non - bonding orbitals. Bond order .M.O configurations of H2. He2, N2, 02, F2, Diamagnetism and paramagnetism. VSEPR theory- Shapes of H2O, NH3, CH4, BrF3, 1F5 and 1F7 molecules.

1.2 Hydrides

Classification, preparation and properties.

1.3 Diborane :

Interhalogen compounds :

1.4 Preparation, properties, uses and structures of Peracids of Sulphur. Preparation and uses of Sodium hydro suiphite, sodium thio sulphate.

1.5. Metals: General methods of extraction of metals. Types of ores-methods of ore dressing, reduction methods - types of refining - electrolytic, Van Arkel and Zone refining. Extraction of Uranium and Thorium. Role of Carbon in the properties of steel heat treatment of steel-alloy steels and their uses.

Unit - II

2.1 Energetics:

Types of systems, reversible and irreversible processes, isothermal and adiabatic processes and spontaneous processes. Statements of I law, Need for the II law of thermodynamics arid statements. Carnot's cycle and efficiency of a heat engine. Entropy and its significance. Entropy changes in physical transformations. Free energy change and its importance. (no derivation) Conditions for spontaneity in terms of S and G. Relationship between changes in G, H, T and S.

2.2 Solutions:

Liquid in liquid type Raoult's law for ideal solutions. Positive and negative deviation from Raouit's law-reasons and examples, Fractional distillation and azetropic distillation.

2.3 Chromatography:

Principles and applications of column paper and thin layer chroniotography.

Unit - III

3.1 Covalent Bond :

Orbital overlap hybridisation and geometry of CH₄CH2 H4, C2 H2 and C6 H6 molecules. Inductive effect, electorneric effect, mesomeric effect and steric effects - examples and explanation.

3.2 Stereoisomerism :

Elements of symmetry - symmetry and asymmetry- cause of optical activity. Isomerism of tartaric acid-recmisation and resolution. Geometrical, isomerism of Maleic and Fumaric acids. Keto-enol tautomerism. Conformers of n-butane with brief explanation.

3.3 Aromatic Compounds :

Aromaticity- HuckeFs rule-Mechanisms of nitration, halogenation, alkylation, acylation and sulphonation of benzene. Properties and structural elucidation of naphthalene- Haworth's synthesis.

3.4 Preparation and uses of CHCI3, Saccharin, Aspartic acid and Freon.