UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN CHEMISTRY
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)

Semester II

Semester II - Paper II - General Chemistry-II

Duration: 3 hrs
Maximum Marks: 100
Credits: 4

Unit - I

1.1 Ionic Bond

Formation and general properties. Radius ratio rule and its limitations. Hydration energy and lattice energy and their applications. Born-Haber Cycle - Fajan's rules.

1.2 Covalent Bond

Valaence bond theory. Formation and general properties, orbital overlap. 1-lybridisation sigma and pi bonds. VSEPR theory and geometries of H₂O, NH₃, CH₄, PCI₅, SF₆, IF₇, BF₃ molecules, partial ionic character of covalent bond and percentage of ionic character.

1.3 Molecular Orbital Theory

Bonding, anti bonding orbitals and bond order. MO diagrams of H₂, Ne₂, O₂,O₂ ⁺, O₂^- and CO. Comparison of VB and MO theories, hydrogen bonding - types, examples .and effet on properties.

1.4 Chemistry of S Block Elements

Hydrides - Classification and Chemistry.

1.5 Alkali Metals

Li, Na, K, Rb and CS occurrence comparative study of elements, oxides, halides, hydroxides and carbonates. Exceptional property of Lithium

1.6 Alkaline Earth Metals

Be, mg, Ca, Sr and Ba occurrence, and comparative study of the elements oxides, hydroxides, halides, suiphates and carbonates. Exceptional property of Berylium.

Unit - II

2.1 Ailcynes - preparation and properties - acidity of alkynes, formation of acetylides, addition of water with HgSO4, catalyst, addition of hydrogen halides arid halogens, oxidation, ozonolysis and hydro boration.

2.2 Dienes - Stability of dienes, conjugated, isolated and cumulative - stability and chemical reactivity - 1,2 and 1,4 - additions - Diels-Alder reactions. Synthesis of dienes 1,3 butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.

2.3 Polymerisation - Types of polymerisation -- free radical cationic and anionic - polyrnerisations including mechanism of preparation of polymers - addition polymers and condensation polymers with examples.

2.4 Cyclo alkanes - Preparation using Wurtz's reaction Dieckmann's ring closure and reduction of aromatic hydrocarbons. Substitution and ring opening reactions. Baeyers strain theory and theory of stainless rings.

Unit - II

Thermodynamics

3.1 Definition and explanation of terms - intensive and extensive properties - types of systems - thermodynamic process - cyclic, reversible, irreversible, isothermal and adiabatic.

3.2 Thermodynamic functions - complete differential zeroth law of thermodynamic - concept of heat and work.

3.3 First law of thermodynamics Statement and equation C_p,C_v relationship - calculation of W, E and H for the expansion of ideal gases under reversible, isothermal and adiabatic conditions.

3.4 Joule's Law - Joule - Thompson effect -- inversion temperature and its significance.

3.5 Thermochemistry Bond Energy - Bond dissociation energy - calculation from thermochemical data variation of heat of reaction with temperature kirch off's equation.