UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN CHEMISTRY
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)

Semester III

Semester III - Paper III - General Chemistry III

Duration: 3 hrs
Maximum Marks: 100
Credits: 4

Unit - I

1. Principles of Volumetric Analysis

1.1 Definitions of molality, normality, molarity and mole fraction - definition and examples for primary and secondary standards. Theories of acid-base, red-ox, complexometric, iodometric, and iodimetric titrations. Calculations of equivalent weights, theories of acid base, red-ox, metalion and adsorption indicators and choice of indicators.

1.2 'p' block elements - Boron family electron deficiency and electron acceptor behaviour - bonding in borane. Preparation, properties, uses and structure of borazole. NaBH, boron nitride and LiAlH₄.

1.3 Carbon family - Comparison of properties of carbon and silicon valencies, oxides, halides, hydrides and oxyacids classification, preparation, properties and uses of carbides. Classification of silicates, chemistry of silicones.

Unit - II

2.1 Aromatic hydro carbons and aromaticity - resonance in benzene - delocalised cloud in benzene - aromaticity - Huckel's (4n+2) rule and its simple applications. Electophilic substitution reactions in aromatic compounds. General mechanisms - nitration, halogenation, suiphonation, Friedel-Craft's acyiation and alkylation - directive influence - orientation - ortho/para ratio, nuclear and side chain halogenation.

2.2 Polynuclear hydrocarbons - napthalene, anthracene and phenanthracene - isolation, properties, synthesis and uses

2.3 Alphatic Nucleophilic substitutions, mechanism of SN 1, SN2 and Sm reactions - effects of structure, substrate, solvent, nucleophile and leaving groups.

Unit - III

3.1 Second law of thermodynamics - need for the II law, statements of the second law. Spontaneous process, carnots cycle - efficiency - carnot's theorem (statement only)

3.2 Concept of entropy - definition - entropy of an ideal gas - entropy changes in cyclic, reversible and irreversible processes and physical transformations. Calculation of entropy changes with changes in T, V and P entropy of mixing.

3.3 Gibbs free energy - Heimholtz free energy - their variations with temperature, pressure and volume. Criteria for spontaneity - Gibbs - Helmholtz equatios - derivation and applications.