UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN Nautical Science
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)

SYLLABUS

Semester I - Allied I - Environmental Science I

Duration of Examination: 3 hrs
Maximum Marks: 100
Credits: 4

Physical Meteorology

1. Characteristics of the Earth's Atmosphere:

Composition, hydrostatic equation, equation of state for dry air and moist air. Density variation. Vertical layers of the atmosphere, ozone depletion, air pollution.

2. Energy Budget:

Radiation laws: Emission, reflection, absorbtion and scattering. Solar and terrestrial radiation, greenhouse effect and global warming. Heat exchange processes. Radiation budget of the earth/atmospheric system. Environmental lapse rate and inversion. Diurnal, seasonal and geographical variation of temperature

3. Water Vapour in the Atmosphere:

Changes of state, specific,. absolute and relative humidity, dew point temperature, humidity mixing ratio, unsaturated and saturated states, super cooling, frost point, Diurnal and seasonal variation of water vapour.

4. Adiabatic Processes:

Dry and saturated adiabatic lapse rates, potential temperature. The tephigram and its uses. Stability analysis.

5. Condensation and Precipitation Phenomena:

Condensation and freezing nuclei, condensation forms: Dew, frost, mist, fog, haze and clouds. Visibility, Development and classification of clouds.

6. Precipitation:

Processes, forms and types. Principles and methods of surface meteorological observations.

Oceanography

1. Physical Properties of Sea Water:

Temperature, salinity, density and pressure - their relationship and measurement. Optical properties, sound and light in the sea, colour of the sea water.

2. The Energy Budget of The Oceans:

Spatial variation of temperature and evaporation. Heat balance.

3. SalInity and Density:

Distribution in surface layers of the ocean. Controlling processes

4. Oceanic Circulation System:

Causes and spatial distribution of surface circulation seasonal changes.

5. Sub-Surface Circulation:

Formation, source region and movement of water masses

6. Oceanic Waves and Tides:

Types of waves, wave energy, behaviour of waves in deep and shallow waters. Free and co-oscillations in basins. Tide-producing forces. Types of tides. Tide prediction and analysis, tidal streams, co-tidal charts. Storm surges and tsunamis.

PRACTICALS

Meteorology:

The principles, constuction and uses of various meteorological instruments, maximum and minimum thermometers, psycrometer / hygrometer, anemometer, wind vane barometers (aneroid and mercury) and barograph.

Oceanography:

Use of main instruments and observational methods in the sea environment Sensors for temperatures, depth, velocity etc.,

Books Recommended for Reference

Meteorology

Title Author Publishers

Marine Meteorology Capt. H. subramaniam Vijaya Publications
Atrnoshphere, Weather Barry.R.G. & Chorely R.J. Metheun - London
Introduction to Therotical Meterology Hess
Meterology for Mariners HMSI, London HMSO
Marine Observer's Handbook HMSO, London Academic Press
Elementary Meteorology HMSO, London HMSO
An introduction to Meteorology James.R.Hoioton Academic Press
Introduction to Meteorology Petterson.B.

OCEANOGRAPHY

Physical Oceanography Vol I & II Defant.A
General Oceanography Deitrich. G.
Descriptive Physical Oceanography Pickard. G. & Emery.W Pergamon Press
Oceanography for Geographers Sharma.R.C. & Emery.W Chaitanya Publish House, Allahabad.
Introductory Dynamical Oceanography Stephen. Pond & G.L. Pickard Pergamon Press

JOURNALS

Mausam Published by India Meteorological Society
Bulletin of American Meteorological Society American Meteorological Society
Weather Published by Royal Meteorological Society
Vayu Mandal Published by India Meteorological Society.