UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN Physics
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)

SYLLABUS

Semester VI - Application Oriented Subject - Spectroscopy and Laser Physics

Duration of Examination: 3 hrs
Maximum Marks: 100
Credits: 4

Unit I

Introduction to Spectroscopy and Microwave Spectroscopy

Characterization of electro magnetic radiation - Quantization of energy - Regions of the spectrum - Basic elements of practical spectroscopy - Width of spectral lines - Intensity of spectral lines - Fourier Transform Spectroscopy - Enhancement of spectra: computer averaging. Rotation of molecules - Rotational spectra - The Rigid Diatomic Molecule - The intensities of spectral lines - Techniques and Instrumentation (outline) - Chemical analysis by microwave spectroscopy.

Unit II

Infrared Spectroscopy

The energy of a Diatomic molecule - The simple harmonic oscillator - The Diatomic vibrating rotator - The vibration - rotation spectrum of carbon monoxide - Breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation: The interaction of rotations and vibrations - Techniques and Instrumentation (outline) - Double and Single Beam operation.

Unit III

Raman Spectroscopy

Quantum theory of Raman effect - Classical theory of Raman effect: Molecular Polarizability - Pure rotational Raman spectra of linear molecules - Vibrational Raman spectra - Structured determination from Raman and Infrared spectroscopy - Techniques and Instrumentation (outline).

Unit IV

Electronic Spectroscopy of Molecules

Electronic spectra of Diatomic molecules - The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation - Vibrational coarse structure: Progressions - Intensity of vibrational - Electronic spectra: The Franck Condon Principle - Disassociation energy and disassociation products - Techniques and Instrumentation (outline).

Unit V

Laser Physics

Population inversion, Laser pumping, Resonators - Vibrational modes of resonators, number of modes/unit volume - Open resonators, Control resonators, Q Factor, Losses in the cavity, Threshold condition, Quantum yield.
Ruby Laser - 3level system, Pumping power, Spiking U³⁺ in CaF₂ laser, four level laser, Neodysmium laser - Nd:YAG
Applications of Lasers in Industry, Medicine & Communication.

Books for Study

Books for Reference

1. Basic principles of spectroscopy by Chang Raymond, McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd,New Delhi, 1971.

2. Elements of Spectroscopy by Gupta S.L.. Kumar V., Sharma R.C., Pragathi Prakashan, Meerut, 1980.

3. Introduction to molecular spectroscopy by Barrow G.M., McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd, Tokyo, 1962.

4. Opto electronics - An Introduction by Wilson J. & Hawkes J.F.B, Prentice Hall, NY, 1987.