UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN PLANT BIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)

SYLLABUS

Semester VI - Paper X - Environmental Science and Phytogeography

Lecture: 4 Hrs

THEORY:

Unit 1:

Biotic and abiotic factors and their influence on vegetation - a brief account of microbes, plants, animals, soil, wind, light, temperature, rain fall and fire. Plant succession - primary and secondary - xerosere, hydrosere, Adaptation in xerophytes, hydrophytes and epiphytes.

Unit 2:

Ecosystem - concept processes and components, Food chain, food web, energy and Grass land.flow, pyramids, Nutrient cycling. Types of Ecosystem: Coastal.

Unit 3:

Biodiversity: Ecological species and genetic species, concept:- classical and modern. Inter and intra specific species diversity. Allopatric and sympatric speciation-endemism, relics and palaeoendemism-genetic variation (isozymes: RFLP and PCR techniques)

Unit 4:

Principles and need for conservation In situ conservation and on-farm conservation. Ex situ conservation, afforestation. Seed banks, gene banks, culture collections, disadvantages of ex situ conservation. A brief account of national and international agencies of conservation.

Pollution- Air, water, soil-causes and consequences. Types of pollution:

Primary and secondary. Secondary pollution: physical and chemical.

Remedial measures.

Unit 5:

Phytogeography: principles - vegetation types of India - Tropical rain forest, mangrove vegetation and scrub jungle.

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