University of Madras - BSc Syllabus - Semester V - Paper VIII

UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN Zoology
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)

SYLLABUS

Semester V - Paper VIII - Animal Physiology

Duration of Examination: 3 hrs
Maximum Marks: 100
Credits: 4

Unit I

Introduction - Scope and fields of Physiology - Food requirements - Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Minerals, water and vitamins. Enzymes - properties and classification - mechanism of enzyme action - Digestion - Intracellular and Extracellular - Digestive enzymes and their role in digestion - Absorption. Metabolism - Metabolic pathways with reference to Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids - Glycogenesis - Glycogenolysis - Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis - Kreb's cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation - Electron Transport System - Deamination - Fate of Keto acids - Nitrogen metabolism - Beta oxidation of fatty acids - Basal metabolism.

Unit II

Respiration - External and Internal (Tissue) respiration - Respiratory pigments - disibution, composition, properties and functions - Adaptations to high altitude and diving. Transport of oxygen and carbondioxide - Anaerobiosis Circulation - Types - Composition, Properties and functions of blood - Types of Heart. Human - Cardiac cycle - Cardiac rhythm - origin of heart beat - regulation of heart beat - ECG - Blood pressure - Importance of Yoga and TMM - Elements of Aviation and space physiology.

Unit III

Excretion - Organs in animals - Kinds of excretory products - ornithine cycle - mechanisms of urine formation in mammals - hormonal regulation of excretion. Homeostasis - regulatory mechanisms - osmoconformers osmoregulators - organs concerned with osrno-ionic regulation (skin, gills and kidneys) - osmo - ionic regulation in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. Thermoregulation - acclimation and acclimatization - heat death - cold death - poikilotherms - heterotherms - homeotherms - temperature regulation in poikilotherms and homeotherms - physiology of hibernation - aestivation Biorhythms - definition, types and examples and adaptive significance

Unit IV

Nervous tissue - Neuron - structure, types of neurons and their distribution - giant nerve fibres - myelinated nerve fibres. Nerve Impulse - definition - conduction of impulse - saltatory conduction - synapse - synaptic transmission of impulses - Neurotransmitte, Autonomic nervous systern. Muscle proteins - mechanism of contraction - Con cycle - Theories of muscle contraction - Muscle twitch - Tetanus - Muscle Fatigue - Isotonic and isomoetric contraction - Aerobic and Isometric exercises. Bioluminescence - Definition, types, chemistry and adaptive significance - chromatophores

Unit V

Endocrine glands - structure, secretions and functions of endocrine glands in vertebrates - Pituitary, Hypothalamus, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Thymus, islets of Langerhans, Sex organs - Gastrointestinal hormones - Hormones of Insects and Crustaceans. Receptors - Classification - chemoreceptors - touch receptors - equilibrium receptors-Photoreceptor - vertebrate mammalian eye - Structure of retina - Visual pigments - Physiology of vision - Binocular vision - adaptation to darkness - Compound eyes and Mosaic vision. Phonoreceptors - Mammalian ear - organ of corti - working mechanism - Phono reception in Birds.

REFERENCES:

1. Sambasivaiah, Kamalakara Rao and Augustine Chellappa, 1990. A textbook of Animal Physiology and Ecology, S.Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi - 110 055, 480 pp.

2. Parameswaran, Anantakrishnan and Ananta Subramanian, 1975. Outlines of Aniimal Physiology, S. Viswanathan (Printers & Publishers) Pvt. Ltd., 329 pp.

3. William S.Hoar, 1976. General and Comparative Physiology, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi - 110 001, 848 pp.

4. Wood, D.W., 1983. Principles of Animal Physiology, 3^rd Ed.,

5. Prosser C.L., 1985. Comparative Animal Physiology, Satish Book Enterprise, Agra - 282 003, 966 pp.

Veterinary & Animal Science Admissions