UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN Zoology
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)

SYLLABUS

Semester VI - Paper X - Developmental Biology

Duration of Examination: 3 hrs
Maximum Marks: 100
Credits: 4

Unit I

The Germ Cell

Outlines of origin - spermatogenesis and oogenesis in frog, bird and mammal - Comparative study of vertebrate and invertebrate sperms and eggs - viability of gamete cells - influence of yolk - polarity - symmetry - Egg membranes.

Unit II

Fertilisation

Mechanics - Physiology - Theories of fertilization - Parthenogenesis: Natural - Artificial - Experiments on artificial parthenogenesis and its findings

Unit III

Early Embryonic Development

Cleavage and Gastrulation: General Principles - Outlines of their physiology - Comparative study in Amphioxus, frog, chick and mammals. Experimental works of Speeman and Mangold - Factors influencing cleavage - Fate map.

Unit IV

Organogeny

Development of brain, eye and ear in frog - Embryonic Adaptations: Embryonic membranes and their functions - Placentation in mammals. Regeneration: regeneration in invertebrates and vertebrates.

Unit V

Human Reproduction

Puberty - Menstrual cycle - Menopause - Pregnancy and related problems - Parturition - Lactation - Development and differentiation - Contraception - its merits and family welfare. Reproductive Technology: Monitoring of estrus cycle - Artificial insemination - Cryopreservation - IVF - Embryo transfer - Test tube babies.

REFERENCE:

1. Balinsky, B.I., 1981. Introduction to Embryology, Saunders, Philadelphia.

2. Nelson, O.E., 1953. Comparative Embryology of the vertebrates, Mc-Graw Hill Book company, Inc., New York.

3. Raven, P., 1959. Dvelopmental Physiology, Pergamon Press, New York.

4. Verma , P.S., V.K. Agarwal and Tyagi, 1995. Chordate embryology, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.

5. Majumdar,. N.N 1990. Text book of vertebrate embryology. Tata Mc-Graw-HiII Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi.

6. McEwen, R.S., 1969. Vertebrate Embryology. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.

7. Rugh, R., 1951. The Frog. Tata Mc-Graw-Hill publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi.

8. Arora, M. P., 1985. Chordate Embryology. ATMA RAM sons New Delhi.

9. Jam, P.C., 1998. Elements of Developmental Biology. Vishal Publication, Delhi.

10. Majumdar, N.N., 1990 Text Book of Vertebrate Embryology. Tata-McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi.