University of Madras - BSc Syllabus - Semester I - Paper I

UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
B.Sc. Degree Course in Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics
SEMESTER SYSTEM WITH CREDITS
(Effective from the Academic Year 2003-2004)

SYLLABUS

Semester I - Paper I - Human Physiology

Number of Lectures: 4
Duration of Examination: 3 hrs
Teaching/Practical Hours Per Week: Theory: 3 hrs/Week
Maximum Marks: 100
Credits: 4

Theory - 4 hrs. / week
Practicals - 4 hrs. / week

This course has been designed to enable students to understand the general structure and functions of various systems and organs in the body. This will help students to understand the abnormal changes in tissues and organs in several disease states.

Course Outline

1. The Skeleton - A general account of the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton No. of Lectures: (2)

2. Blood composition, functions, clotting, Blood group - Blood Vessel - artery, Vein, No. of Lectures: (6)
Capillary, structure of heart, cardiac cycle. ECG and its significance, Blood
pressure - pulse, systolic-diastolic, Anaemia, Leukemia, Varicose Veins,
Artherosclerosis.

3. Lymphatic system-Lymph glands and its function, spleen - structure and functions No of Lectures: (3)

4. Respiratory System : No. of Lectures: (3)

Organs of respiration - Nose, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs and their capacity -
structure and functions. Mechanism of respiration - chemical respiration - Tissue
respiration - Common diseases like TB, Asthma, Pleurisy. Cough, hiccups.

5. Digestive System : No. of Lectures: (4)

a. Organs, structure, functions-Teeth, tongue, Salivary glands - Saliva -
Composition and function. Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine,.
large intestine. Glands-Liver, Pancreas, gallbladder.

b. Vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea.

c. Abdominal pain, Peptic and
duodenal ulcers-piles.

6. Excretory systerm : No. of Lectures: (4)

Organs, structure and functions. Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder-Formation
of Urine, Constitution of Normal Urine. Abnormal Constituents of Urine and
diseases associated with it.
Nephrites, Nephrosis, Renal stones. No. of Lectures: (1)
Significance of Urine examination

7. Skin - structure and function.
Disorders of skin - Dandruff, dermatitis and burns.

Course Outline

8. Other sense organs :
a. Eye-structure and functions. Physiology of vision. No. of Lectures: (4)
Defects in vision-myopia and hypermetropia.Common diseases of the eye.
Conjuctivitis, trachoma, cataract.

b. Ear-Structure and functions. No. of Lectures: (3)
Mechanism of hearing. Common ear diseases - deafness, vertigo, motion
sickness.

9. Muscular system: General account of the system - Types of muscles - striated, non-striated, cardiac similarities differences. Muscular contraction.

10. Nervous system : Structure of a nerve cell, nerve fibre. Classification of nervous system. Central Nervous system - Brain and Spinal cord. Functions of different parts of the brain. Peripheral nervous system. Automatic and sympathetic nervous system - their functions. Nerve impulse, synapse, reflex action, Voluntary action.No. of Lectures: (5)

11. Reproductive system : No. of Lectures: (5)
Female reproductive organs - structure and functions - Ovary, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitatial. Male reproductive organs-structure and functions - Testis, Vas deferens, Urethra, Penis, Prostate gland. Menstruation, puberty - Menopause. Fertilisation of ovum with sperm. Develpment of fertilized ovum - Placenta its function, Parturition.

12. Endocrine system :
Hormones - Endocrine glands - their structure and functions. a) Pituitary b) Thyroid c) Parathyroid d) Adrenal e) Hormones of reproduction. Endocrine system - disorders of over and under secretion.

Total No. of lectures: (42)

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS

1.Study of Human Manekin :

Abodminal cavity of human (Manekin) observe & draw liver, kidney, appendix, spleen, pancreas, stomach, gall bladder, large and small intestines, ureter, bladder, diaphragm.

2. Types of Cells -
Microscopic examination of prepared slides.

a) Epithelium - stratified squamos. ciliated columnar.

b) Connective tissue - Adipose, Bone, areolar, connective tissue.

C) Muscle - smooth, cardiac, stratified.

d) Nerve - medullated, neuron.

e) Cell division - Resting stage, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Examine and draw the tissues.

3. Blood :

a) Microscopic examination of prepared slides -

i) Fresh amount of blood

ii) Stained blood smear.

b) Testing of blood groups using typed sera.

C) Haemoglobin estimation using haemometer.

d) R.B.C. count & W.B.C. count.

4. Anatomy of Sheeps Heart.

Observe - Pericardium, auricles, ventricles, semilunar and mitral. Valves, Chordae tendinae.
Bloodvessels - aorta, venacava, pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein.

5. Histology of Artery and Vein.

Examine artery.

Examine Vein.

6. Respiration

Histology of

a) Lung section.

b) Trachea.

Pulse and respiration rate - at rest and after exercise.

7. Digestion :
Salivary Digestion.

- Benedicts test for sugars.

- Biuret test for protein.

- Iodine test for starch.

Gastric digestion - using pepsin, tests for lipase, amylase and protease.

8. Arterial Blood pressure :
Determination using a sphygmomanometer.

9. Excretion :
Examine sheep's kidney and draw capsule, blood vessels, ureter. Draw a sagittal section of kidney and label cortex, Medulla, Pyramid, Pelvis and ureter.

REFERENCES:

1. Keele, C.A. and Neil.E. (1978) Samson Wright's Applied Physiology, Oxford University Press.

2. Tortora G.J. and N.P. Anagnostakos (1984), Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Harper and Row Publisher, New York.

3. Best, C.H. and Taylor, N.B. (1964) The Living Body, 4^th ed. Asia Publishing House, Bombay.

4. Guyton, A.C. "Functions of the Human Body", (1969), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

5. Wilson, K.J.W (1990) "Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness", ELBS/Churchill Livingstone.

6. Vidhya Rathan (1986) Handbook of Human Physiology, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi.

7. Chaudhuri, S.K. (1988) Concise Medical Physiology, New Central Book Agency, Calcutta.