Test Papers / Previous Question Papers of IGNOU CS14 Intelligent Systems December 2005

MCA (III Yr)
Term-End Examination

CS14 (S): Intelligent Systems

Time: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 75

1. (a) What is meant by a "Knowledge-based system" ? Describe the basic components of a knowledge-based system. (4)

(b) List two dilferences between an open variable and a segment variable with respect to matching. Give one example of each type of variable also. (4)

(c) What is hashed file organization? How is knowledge retrieval performed using hashed file organization ? (6)

(d) What are the outcomes of the following LISP commands ? ln each case assume that L = '(a b c) (4)
(i) (cons 'L L)
(ii) (append L L)
(iii) (cons (list L) L)
(iv) (append (list L) L)

(e) Use Truth Table to prove the following : (4) (i) P -> Q is equivalent to ~P v Q
(ii) ~(P v Q) is equivalent to ~P ^ ~Q

(f) What is an Associative Network ? Use Associative Network to store the following pieces of knowledge : (6)
- John is a human being.
- AII human beings have two legs.
- A11 human beings can walk.
- John can sing.

(g) Give two applications of the 'RETE' matching algorithm. (2)

2. (a) What does the term 'admissibility of heuristic function' mean ? Explain the "Hill climbing" search technique. Write the names of three problems encountered in this technique. (7)

(b) Explain, wiih an example each, the following primitive actions of concepual dependency : (5)
- EXPEL
- PROPEL
- INGEST
- ATRANS
- PTRANS

(c) Define a LISP function ROTATE that takes a list and rotates the element by one position, e.g., (rotate ' (abcd))returns (DABC). (3)

3. (a) Explain the "informed" search and "uninformed" search techniques. (3)

(b) Express the following sentences as conceptual dependency structures: (6)
(i) Bina is a programmer.
(ii) Shalu gave Mary a box of candy.
(iii) Karuna drove the pick-up fast.

(c) What is the need of organising knowledge ? How is knowledge organisation performed in a "Human Associative Memory (HAM)" system ? Explain this with the help of a diagram. (6)

4. (a) Given propositions P, Q, R, use the Truth Table method to prove that P v (Q ^ R) is equivalent to (P v Q) ^ (P v R). (3)

(b) Describe connectives quantifiers, constants, variables and functions, with respect to the syntax of FOPL. (5)

(c) Identify the following variables as nominal, ordinal, binary or interval, and justify your choice : (4)
(i) temperature
(ii) university class
(iii) population
(iv) quality of restaurant

(d) Write a pseudocode to unify two FOPL literals. (3)

5. (a) Consider four cities A, B, C, D. Draw the search space of the TSP, when the starting city is A. (5)

(b) List 4 sources used for knowledge acquisition in the designing of a knowledge based system. (2)

(c) Explain the structure of objects, classes, messages and methods. Also list one application of each. (6)

(d) "An incomplete AI problem is inconsisient." Is this statement true ? Give reasons for your answer. (2)